Following the success of the preceding events at Nottingham University, the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory and Glaxo-Wellcome, the fourth Martin and Willis Prize meeting was held at Leeds University on 31 March 1998, and followed by the 156th IRDG meeting at Leeds University on the following day.
10:50-11:00 Introduction (John Chalmers, Chairman IRDG)
11:00-11:20 Anders Nielsen (Aalborg University, Denmark,
visiting Leeds University), Quantitative characterisation of
interphase morphology in carbon/polypropylene composites using
polarised Raman microscopy.
11:20-11:40 Jane Illes (Sheffield-Hallam University), An
investigation into the effects of ball milling on the surface
chemistry of a Cornish Kaolin by VT-DRIFTS.
11:40-12:00 Gerard McAnally (Strathclyde University), Modern
Raman spectroscopic techniques for the analysis of polymer films.
12:00-12:20 Maria Lorenzo (Leverhulme Centre, Liverpool
University), Creating Chiral Surfaces for Asymmetric
Heterogeneous Catalysis.
12:20-12:40 Andrea Parr (University of Northumbria), Changes in
Low pressure chemical vapour deposited polysilicon, induced by
thermal anneal.
12:40-14:30 Lunch and poster presentations.
14:30-14:50 Loraine Foley (University College London), A Matrix
Isolation FTIR study of the reaction of ozone with halogenated
compounds.
14:50-15:10 Martin Pearson (University of Nottingham) Developing
a synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy facility at the
daresbury SRS.
15:10-15:30 Sarah Cope (Leeds University), Raman spectroscopy
for the determination of photosensitizer location in cells.
15:30-15:50 Delphine Bard (Sheffield-Hallam University), A Raman
study of inorganic fibres.
15:50-16:10 Clare McLaughlin (Strathclyde University), Towards
quantitative analysis by surface-enhanced Resonance Raman
spectroscopy (SERRS).
16:30 Prize Giving
POSTER PROGRAMME .
Jeffrey Forsythe (Sheffield-Hallam University), VT-DRIFTS,
evolved gas analysis (EGA) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)
of the Desorption of Cyclohexylamine from cation exchanged
montmorillite.
Carine Mura (Sheffield-Hallam University), FTIR and Raman
spectroscopy of the distribution and mobility of biocide in PVC.
Claudia Marenco (Sheffield-Hallam University), SERS sensing of
aromatics from self-assembled monolayers of calixarenes on gold.
Peter Eaton (Sheffield-Hallam University), Study of the
diffusion of silane coupling agents in PVC films using Raman
confocal microscopy and ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy.
Chris Constable (Sheffield-Hallam University), Raman Microscopic
Studies of Monolithically Grown PVD Hard Coatings.
Samantha Allen (Reading University), Studies of Isomerisation
and Dimerisation Reactions using FT Raman Spectroscopy.
Sergio Masca (Leeds University), Raman spectroscopy of
ligand-binding events._
Martin and Willis ist Prize - Oral Presentation.
This was sponsored by Renishaw Inc
CHANGES IN LOW PRESSURE CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITED POLYSILICON, INDUCED BY THERMAL ANNEAL
Andrea Parr, University of Northumbria at Newcastle}.
Low Pressure Chemical Vapour Deposited (LPCVD) polysilicon is extensively
used for the fabrication of micro-machined semiconductor devices. During
processing structural changes can occur leading to warping, fracture, or
in extreme cases, device failure. The need exists for a non-destructive
analytical technique, which can be used to monitor material changes during
fabrication and operation of devices.
In this work, Raman microscopy has been used to study changes in thin
polysilicon films commonly used for device manufacture. A Microline Focus
Spectrometer has been used to analyse LPCVD films deposited between
570 C and 620 C, and the effects of various thermal anneals. Raman
bands representing different categories of polysilicon have been identified,
and their response to annealing has been determined. The results
demonstrate structural differences between the variously deposited
samples, the degree of structural change occurring with anneal, and suggest
material composition ranging from amorphous to single crystal silicon.
Future work will involve applying the ideas presented to microscopic devices such as microheaters, and determining the practicality of alternative annealing techniques. Work is also underway to investigate changes in polysilicon, induced by external stresses.
A second prize was awarded to Maria Lorenzo and a
third prize was awarded to Sara Cope
Martin and Willis 1st Prize - Poster Presentation.
This was sponsored by Kaiser Optical Systems, Inc
STUDY OF THE DIFFUSION OF SILANE COUPLING AGENTS IN PVC FILMS USING RAMAN CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY AND ATR-FTIR SPECTROSCOPY
Peter Eaton* Jack Yarwood* and Paul Holmes**
Materials Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University.
**Pilkington plc, Ormskirk
Silane coupling agents are widely used to bond mineral surfaces (e.g.
glass) to polymers, for example in the construction of laminated safety
glass or in glass-reinforced plastics. However, the mechanism of
adhesion is poorly understood. One postulated mechanism is that the
silane diffuses through the polymer film to form an interpenetrating polymer
network (IPN). Thus the diffusion of silanes in polymer films is of great
commercial interest. Confocal
Raman microscopy is an ideal technique with which to study this diffusion,
as the location of the silane may be determined throughout the polymer
film, with a depth resolution of c.a. micro mm ATR-FTIR yields information
from only the near-surface of the PVC film. Furthermore, the effective
time resolution of the technique allows kinetic analysis of the diffusion
data.
Model laminates were prepared, consisting of a silicon substrate and
an unplasticised PVC overlayer. The silanes A1891, A1110 and Y9669
were applied to the upper surface by brushing. A depth profile of
the silane was obtained by moving the focus of the Raman microprobe through
the PVC film in 1mico mm steps, and recording a spectrum at each position.
ATR-FTIR experiments were performed on similar films, but the near-surface
was monitored as a function of time. It was found that the aromatic
aminosilane (Y9669) and the mercapto silane (A1891) diffused through the
film, and exhibited similar diffusion behaviour and kinetics. However,
the aliphatic aminosilane (A1110) could not be observed diffusing in the
ATR-FTIR or Raman depth profiling. This poster discusses the correlation
of IR and Raman data (obtained from similar films) on the distribution
and kinetics of silane diffusion in PVC films and the possible relevance
of such data to the adhesion of PVC at an oxide interface.
Two joint second prizes were awarded to Jeffrey Forsythe
and Claudia Marenco
The IRDG wish to acknowledge the generous sponsorship by Renishaw plc
and Kaiser Optical Sysyems Inc